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Value Is in the Eye of the UCITS Holder

By Giles Swan

December 3, 2020

ICI research shows a steady decline in the cost of investing in Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS). European regulators are looking beyond just declining cost, however, by requiring UCITS managers to justify the value of these funds to investors. But how do investors assess value relative to cost, and what is the role of regulators?  

Is There a Difference Between Cost and Value?

Yes—a big difference. Investors value UCITS that allow them to pursue their desired investment outcomes—regular income, capital growth, or both. Investors incur costs when using the services of a UCITS manager—professional management of a portfolio, access to a wide array of different global investment options, and the benefits of regulation and oversight—in pursuit of those investment outcomes.

That seems straightforward. But how do investors assess whether a UCITS will enable them to achieve their desired investment outcomes and whether the cost and quality of the UCITS manager’s services will match their expectations? In other words, how do investors assess value?

There is no simple answer. Investors seek differing investment outcomes and assess the value of a UCITS based on its usefulness in achieving their particular outcomes. UCITS managers offer a wide range of UCITS with different approaches—such as providing asset allocation, index tracking, or active management—that appeal to different investors. But, with such a broad choice, value can be hard to define.

One simple, seemingly objective approach would equate low cost with high value. But such an assessment is badly flawed on two counts. First, it overlooks the many differences among investors—the investment outcomes they seek, the types of service they desire, and the goals they seek to fulfill, including, for some, achieving environmental, social, or governance (ESG) outcomes. Second, it fails to take into account the multitude of different ways UCITS managers seek to meet investor outcomes and objectives. Investors need to assess value on a more thorough basis that considers the UCITS’ cost and performance and the UCITS manager’s services.

Elements of Value: Cost

UCITS enable investors to access a wide array of global investment options. Investors pay UCITS managers a fee that is dependent on the asset class, management technique of the UCITS manager, and a range of other factors. For instance, actively managed UCITS are generally more costly than index tracking funds—investors pay average ongoing charges for actively managed equity UCITS of 1.36 percent compared with 0.28 percent for index tracking equity UCITS. The higher fees charged by active managers reflect the additional significant research about individual stocks or bonds, market sectors, or geographic regions for active UCITS—offering investors the chance to earn superior returns or to meet other investment objectives such as limiting downside risk, managing volatility, under- or overweighting various sectors, or altering asset allocations in response to market conditions. These characteristics tend to make active management more costly than management of an index tracking UCITS.

Investors assess the appropriateness of fees based on the UCITS manager’s approach to achieving their desired investment outcomes—the target level of investment return—and the risk of not doing so.

Regulators have recently sharpened their focus on assessing whether UCITS managers are levying “undue” costs on investors that are inconsistent with, or prohibitive to, a UCITS achieving its stated outcomes and objectives. For instance, regulators are examining how UCITS managers ensure that they have their clients’ best interest at heart and that costs and charges are reasonable and disclosed in a transparent and non-complex manner.

Elements of Value: Investment Performance

UCITS investors anticipate favorable future investment performance in line with their desired investment outcomes. Investor expectations are based on an assessment of the UCITS’ investment objectives and investment horizon against desired investment outcomes, in either absolute or relative returns, and the UCITS manager’s approach to achieving these outcomes. Regulators are examining more closely how the performance of UCITS matches investor expectations.

Elements of Value: Services

UCITS investors evaluate the services offered by a UCITS manager based on both “hard” and “soft” factors. The first includes the nature and quality of a UCITS manager’s investment approach; its organization, governance, and systems; its client engagement (e.g., reporting, customer service, complaints record); and other factors such as achieving sustainability-related investment outcomes. The second includes corporate brand, culture, and corporate values. Investors use a range of reference points when making this evaluation, including information from regulators, financial advisers, fund managers, and the media.

How Can Investors Be Supported When Assessing Value?

All investors need clear and correct information on costs, performance, and service to assess the value of a fund and understand how this fits with their expectations and intended outcomes. UCITS managers can provide this substantive information and regulators can support its clear and consistent disclosure to investors. Regulatory changes in the European Union, including MiFID II, have fostered simpler and more transparent fee disclosure, but further steps are necessary to ensure more harmonized and useful disclosure.

Some investors may benefit from professional financial advice to build a portfolio of UCITS to pursue their desired investment outcomes. Regulators should assess the distribution of UCITS to better understand investor choice, including the role and activities of intermediaries in fostering competition, delivering choice, and supporting investors in seeking out funds that provide the greatest value.

No single UCITS ticks all the boxes for all investors. Regulators should not favor one investment product over another—on the basis of cost or other metrics—or pass judgment on which UCITS provide the greatest value. Such an approach risks reducing choice, eroding efficient capital allocation and price discovery, and degrading competition and innovation. Instead, the market at large—with its myriad investors evaluating value with distinct outcomes in mind—is best placed to determine which UCITS best fit the bill.

Giles Swan is director of global funds policy at ICI Global.

Permalink: https://www.ici.org/viewpoints/20_view_ucitsvalue

TOPICS: Equity InvestingEuropeFund RegulationICI GlobalInternationalShareholder

Market Turmoil and Liquidity Crunch Rooted in the COVID-19 Pandemic

By Sean Collins

October 14, 2020

The first paper in ICI’s new research series, “The Impact of COVID-19 on Economies and Financial Markets,” focuses on the relationship between the pandemic, the economic shutdown it triggered, and the volatility that gripped the markets.

Read more…

TOPICS: BondsCOVID-19Corporate BondsFinancial MarketsFinancial StabilityMutual Fund

Investing Basics: Saving for Retirement with a 401(k) Plan

By Christina Kilroy

September 9, 2020

The ICI Education Foundation’s Investing Road Trip ends at retirement, depicted with idyllic images of a park bench and a golf cart. But what if, in real life, your path doesn’t quite follow this tidy path? Even for workers who get a late start, hit some bumps, and take a few detours, saving for retirement is still possible. Here are guideposts for 401(k) saving as you journey to retirement.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Investing Basics: Saving for Retirement on Your Own

By Christina Kilroy

August 31, 2020

A majority of workers aged 26 to 64 were active participants in a workplace retirement plan in 2017, according to ICI’s most recent tabulation of tax data. But what if you don’t have access to a workplace retirement plan? You still have great options to save for retirement with similar advantages to the 401(k). Learn more in the latest installment of ICI Education Foundation’s investing basics series.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Congress Should Give Americans Flexibility to Keep Retirement Savings on Track

By Paul Schott Stevens

July 31, 2020

As policymakers take further steps to assist families and businesses weathering the storm, Congress can help American families get their retirement savings goals back on track by including the “Temporary Coronavirus-Related Catch-Up Contribution” proposal in the next COVID-19 relief package.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Government AffairsIRAMutual FundRetirement PolicyShareholder

Investing Basics: Understanding Fees and Expenses

By Christina Kilroy

July 30, 2020

In the ICI Education Foundation’s Investing Road Trip exhibit, a toll booth illustrates the fees and expenses that are part of investing. Every vehicle on a toll road pays and some of that money helps to maintain the road, which ultimately makes for a smoother and safer trip for everybody. Likewise, every investor pays a cost to invest but receives professional management and services in return.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

IRA Investors Are Concentrated in Lower-Cost Mutual Funds

By James Duvall

July 30, 2020

Individual retirement accounts (IRAs) represent the largest share of assets in the US retirement market, with assets totaling $11.0 trillion at year-end 2019. As part of an ongoing effort to shed light on important insights into IRA investing, ICI is updating its analysis of expense ratios that investors pay on mutual funds in their IRAs.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Bond FundEquity InvestingIRAMutual FundRetirement ResearchShareholder

A New Benchmark for Distribution Oversight

By Ahmed Elghazaly

July 21, 2020

On June 1, the fund industry achieved a milestone for global cooperation. In an industry-led agreement, fund distributors and fund managers of Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) and alternative investment funds (AIFs) joined together to issue a common protocol for distribution oversight.

Read more…

TOPICS: EuropeFund GovernanceFund RegulationGlobalICI GlobalInternationalOperations and TechnologyShareholder

Investing Basics: Compound Returns and the Power of Reinvestment

By Christina Kilroy

June 29, 2020

Start saving early. You’ve heard it once, you’ve heard it a million times. There are a few reasons why that’s a good idea—to get in the habit, to manage risks to your investments and income, and to allow more time to contribute to your savings and let them grow. But the strongest case for starting early boils down to one phrase: compound returns.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Tax Filing Deadline Extended to July 15: What It Means for IRA Savers

By Christina Kilroy

June 18, 2020

On March 21, 2020, the Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) extended the federal income tax filing due date—also known as Tax Day—for the 2019 tax year. Workers now have until July 15 to prepare their 2019 tax returns, as well as more time to consider options to potentially reduce taxable earnings. One of the easiest and most popular ways to reduce taxable earnings is contributing to an individual retirement account (IRA).

Read more…

TOPICS: IRAInvestment EducationRetirement ResearchSavingsTaxes

2020 Investment Company Fact Book: Letter from the Chief Economist

By Sean Collins

May 19, 2020

A version of this letter by ICI Chief Economist Sean Collins was released in the Institute’s 60th edition of the Investment Company Fact Book.

Read more…

TOPICS: Financial MarketsFund RegulationGlobalInvestor ResearchMutual FundPolicy ResearchRetirement PolicyRetirement ResearchSavingsShareholder

The US Retirement System Is Stronger Than Critics Portray

By Paul Schott Stevens

May 18, 2020

A recent Washington Post opinion piece paints an inaccurate and misleading picture of the US retirement system by misusing data and making false assumptions. The retirement system is far stronger than portrayed.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)IRARetirement Research

2020 Investment Company Fact Book: Letter from the President and CEO

By Paul Schott Stevens

May 13, 2020

This ICI Viewpoints is a version of a letter from ICI President and CEO Paul Schott Stevens that was released in the 60th edition of the Investment Company Fact Book.

Read more…

TOPICS: Financial MarketsFund RegulationGlobalInvestor ResearchMutual FundPolicy ResearchRetirement PolicyRetirement ResearchSavingsShareholder

Investing Basics: 529 Savings Plans

By Christina Kilroy

May 7, 2020

One thing you can expect when you’re expecting a baby is to pay a lot for diapers—you might pay about $600 by your child’s first birthday. But the cost of diapers is child’s play compared to the costs that could come later when paying for college. 

To encourage people to save for these education costs, nearly every state and the District of Columbia offer 529 plans, and most offer special tax treatment for savers participating in those plans.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

For Funds' Use of Derivatives, a Promising New Regulatory Framework

By Paul Schott Stevens

April 22, 2020

In a promising new proposal on the use of derivatives, the SEC has consolidated cumbersome regulatory framework into a single, comprehensive rule that is carefully designed to protect investors.

Read more…

TOPICS: Equity InvestingExchange-Traded FundsFund RegulationMoney Market FundsMutual FundShareholder

Regulated Funds: Supporting the Economy During the COVID-19 Crisis

By Paul Schott Stevens

April 22, 2020

In a recent call with the Financial Stability Board, ICI President and CEO Paul Schott Stevens shared some findings and observations about the response of fund investors to recent developments in financial markets, and the picture that has emerged to date is reassuring. The extraordinary actions taken by the Federal Reserve, Treasury, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and Congress helped relieve pressure and ensure orderly functioning of US financial markets.

Read more…

TOPICS: Financial MarketsFinancial Stability

Investing Basics: Tax Benefits to Encourage Saving

By Christina Kilroy

April 14, 2020

To encourage people to save, federal and state governments offer special tax treatment for savings plans for specific goals, such as retirement and education. By increasing the benefit that savers receive in the short term, the government nudges savers to take a positive action that will provide a benefit in the long term.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Investing Basics: The Benefits of Mutual Funds

By Christina Kilroy

March 31, 2020

We’ve reached the halfway point in this series, and we’ve covered a lot of ground: the benefits of investing, how to think about risk, different types of investments, why diversification is important, and dollar-cost averaging. This month’s installment brings all these topics together and examines seven features of mutual funds that make them an enduringly popular investment choice.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Working to Ensure Funds Can Maintain Vital Services

By Paul Schott Stevens

March 22, 2020

Key personnel of mutual fund sponsors and service providers should be deemed “essential workers” and thus should be permitted to report to work to maintain security and services for fund investors. Two key developments over the weekend offered some hope that state governors will hear this message and provide the needed relief from their shelter-in-place orders.

Read more…

TOPICS: CybersecurityFinancial MarketsShareholder

During COVID-19 Crisis, Fund Company Staff Are Essential

By Paul Schott Stevens

March 20, 2020

As governments consider extending orders to “shelter in place,” they must include staff of fund companies among the “essential” workers who qualify for an exemption. Fund company staff are very much part of the country’s critical infrastructure, and they must be able to offer their full support to shareholders during these uncertain times.

Read more…

TOPICS: CybersecurityFinancial MarketsShareholder

ETFs Are Passing the COVID-19 Crisis Test

By Shelly Antoniewicz

March 17, 2020

How have exchange-traded funds (ETFs) weathered the intensifying financial market fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic? So far, it looks like ETFs are healthy and robust.

Read more…

TOPICS: Equity InvestingExchange-Traded FundsFinancial MarketsFinancial StabilityIndex FundTrading

Mutual Fund Flows in the COVID-19 Crisis

By Sean Collins

March 11, 2020

The novel coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, is taking a heavy toll on the world economy—in lives, in the costs of responding, and in lost production and consumption. Worldwide financial markets reflect this. How are retail investors reacting? Are they panicking, selling out? Or are they staying the course, as during previous financial market epidemics?

Read more…

TOPICS: Bond FundCorporate BondsFinancial StabilityMutual Fund

Investing Basics: Dollar-Cost Averaging

By Christina Kilroy

February 27, 2020

Emotions are the enemy of successful investing. For long-term investors, dollar-cost averaging is a smart way to take the emotion out of investing and to eliminate the difficulty and uncertainty of trying to time the market.

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

A New Chapter of Growth and Impact: IDC’s 2019 Annual Review

By Thomas Kim

February 18, 2020

In a letter in the Independent Directors Council's 2019 Annual Review, IDC Managing Director Thomas Kim discusses the beginning of his role as head of IDC....

Read more…

TOPICS: Fund GovernanceFund RegulationIDC

ICI Continues Its Work on Disclosure Improvements

By Paul Schott Stevens

February 12, 2020

In a letter to the New York Times in response to an article published earlier this month, ICI President and CEO Paul Schott Stevens refutes claims that ICI and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are seeking to "water down" disclosure requirements....

Read more…

TOPICS: Fund RegulationMutual FundShareholder

ICI Members Are Monitoring the New Coronavirus Outbreak

By Peter Salmon

January 31, 2020

Earlier this week, ICI’s Industry Operations Department surveyed members of the Institute’s Technology Committee to better understand the measures being taken by ICI members to protect their employees and maintain business continuity in the face of the new coronavirus outbreak.

Read more…

TOPICS: GlobalInternationalOperations and Technology

Investing Basics: Diversification

By Christina Kilroy

January 30, 2020

Eggs play a starring role in diversification’s ubiquitous analogy—one we used in the Investing Road Trip©—and for good reason. If you drop a basket holding all your eggs, you’ll be out a lot of eggs. Spreading your eggs across several baskets is a good defense against the risks of exposing all your assets to the same risk.

But perhaps we should also make the point that eggs shouldn’t be the only food in your basket. They may be high in protein, but your body needs a mix of nutrients for good health. Similarly, with investing, a better goal is to build a balanced “diet” of asset classes across industries, geographic areas, and types of securities....

Read more…

TOPICS: 401(k)Exchange-Traded FundsIRAInvestment EducationMutual FundSavingsShareholder

Proxy Proposals Worth Supporting

By Matt Thornton

January 29, 2020

The SEC can save millions of dollars for registered fund shareholders, while maintaining investor protections, by reforming the fund proxy system. The system, which funds use to solicit votes from their shareholders, poses significant challenges and costs to funds and their investors. A new report by the Investment Company Institute points to concrete regulatory actions that would improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the fund proxy system…

Read more…

TOPICS: Fund GovernanceMutual FundProxy VotingShareholder

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